brookings institute funded by china

As Beijing has grown more powerful over the last several years, it has grown more effective in influencing the debate in America about China, often in subtle ways. The report said the Johns Hopkins School of Advance International Studies, a major foreign policy education and analysis institute, has received funding from Tung Chee-hwa, a vice chairman of. Moreover, after the Hanban reorganization in June 2020, CIUS is no longer directly supported by Chinas MOE, nor has it received any funding from CLEC or CIEF and must look to fundraising from Chinese and U.S. universities and other sources. What steps can it take in coordination with allies to increase the probability of maintaining Chinas dependence on imports of AI chips? More broadly, the U.S. government also has an urgent interest in stabilizing the U.S.-China relationship so that the two countries can work together constructively to meet common challenges. In Berlin, the government is working to use ICTs to make the city more efficient, healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable. Its defense spending, even if still only a third of Americas, is triple that of any other country. In August 2020, the Department of State designated the Confucius Institute U.S. Center (CIUS) as a foreign mission, effectively controlled by the Chinese government that funds it. In a 2014 report on CI partnerships, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) argued that allowing third-party control of academic matters compromises academic freedom and institutional autonomy. The United States has sought to forge a closer partnership with another of the great powers, India. What actions can the United States take to allow for China and other developing countries to have greater say in these institutions? Are there lessons from the history of U.S.-China relations that could inform Americas approach toward China going forward? For the United States, strategic competition with China will be a defining feature of the 21st century. Yi Gang, then deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, speaks at a 2016 event held by the Brookings Institution in Washington about China and the world economy. As part of our commitment to transparency, Huaweis support for the Governance Studies program at Brookings is listed in our 2018, 2017, and 2013 Annual Reports, which are the only years for which contributions were received from the company, said Horne. What are the most effective strategies for advancing these must have priorities with China? However, the Chinese International Education Foundation (CIEF), a nominally independent organization registered with the Civil Affairs Ministry, supervised by MOE, and initiated by 27 Chinese universities, companies and social organizations, will manage the CI brand and program. Assets and funding. But so has a decline of American student interest in China studies and learning Mandarin Chinese. In the past, many analysts have been skeptical of the potential for deep cooperation between two countries that have had difficult relations historically. Brookings will not accept gifts from donors who seek to undermine the independence of its scholars research or otherwise to predetermine or influence recommendations.). How does the Sino-Russia relationship enhance each countrys power globally and vis--vis the United States? An influential 2017 study of 12 CIs by the National Association of Scholars identified a range of concerns including transparency, contractual language, academic freedom and pressure to self-censor. . Since President Xi Jinping in 2013 launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims to facilitate exchanges between China and the broader Eurasian region through new land and maritime links, it has become the country's signature foreign policy venture. It should also consider authorizing the Confucius Institute U.S. Center (CIUS) to serve as a visa sponsor to assist Chinese teachers and staff of CIs obtain the proper visas, as well as enable CIUS to serve as a clearinghouse for information on such PRC personnel for relevant U.S. government agencies. The Center is a unique institution dedicated to helping advance China's legal reforms, improving U.S.-China relations, and increasing understanding of China in the United States. Formerly a professor at Brown University, West has written 19 books, according to his LinkedIn page, and is a respected commentator on issues involving technology policy, privacy and security. As the analyst Arthur Kroeber argues in Chinas Economy, Chinese firms are good at adaptive innovationthe concept of taking existing products, services, or processes and modifying them to make them more receptive to Chinas economic and military needs. So when Chinas Peoples Liberation Army unveiled its J-20 stealth fighter in 2011, it caused an uproar in U.S. defense circles because of its similarity to American equivalents and seemed to confirm the perception of China as reliant on copying the work of others. About the Tax Policy Center. Over 30 of the universities, as well as the College Board, that ended CI partnerships since 2017 did so under political pressure that threatened loss of federal fundingnot over concerns of Chinese interference or declining interest. Emily Weinstein is a research analyst with the Center for Security and Emerging Technology at Georgetown University. What are the key dynamics and salient issues at play in Chinas relationship with the region? The PowerPoint presentation is online. Despite promising to produce thin and modern 7-nanometer chips, SMIC lacks the machine tools to make them. GGFs provide a number of benefits, including by helping Chinese policymakers leverage market discipline and expertise and by offering long-term, stable investment capital to startups, helping them to cross the valley of death, the stage between discovery and commercialization. But China shows what real authoritarianism looks like. Hopes were high when President Xi Jinping appointed Xie Zhenhua as Chinas special envoy for climate change. Regardless of the skepticism that it could do so, China has demonstrated its capacity to innovate and compete technologically on a global scale. What are the policy implications for the United States overall economic competitiveness and its national security? What are the trend lines when it comes to Chinas relationship with regional countries, and what are the major challenges, roadblocks, or gaps in these relationships? In addition, some universities still have difficulty finding qualified Mandarin teachers, especially at the K-12 level, to satisfy remaining demand. It will also be a poor foundation for tackling global challenges such as pandemic control and climate change. Nor can the possibility of direct U.S.-China conflict be dismissed should there be another Korean War. As developing Asia continues to make strides with an outward looking economic model, the vast majority of the worlds middle class is expected to live in this region. In 2006, the Brookings-Tsinghua Center (BTC) for Public Policy was established in Beijing, China, as a partnership between Brookings Institution in Washington, DC and Tsinghua University's School of Public Policy and Management in Beijing, China. Can the U.S. and China work together to make progress on new uses of technology to fight these challenges. China has been the worlds largest builder of renewable energy capacity for years now and certainly has lessons learned on how to integrate variable renewables into the larger grid. Her expertise is in Chinese foreign policy, U.S.-China relations and China's relations with neighboring countries and authoritarian regimes. U.S. export controls on chip design software and foundry machine tools have also crippled Huaweis HiSilicon, effectively curbing its only potential rival to U.S. advanced chips. It wasnt long ago that many U.S. government officials and China experts still clung to the idea that Chinese innovation was mostly based on copying U.S. methods and technology. Its analysis of governance and secrecy provisions in 90 CI agreements found that U.S. university personnel generally control curriculum and teaching materials, although this is not always made clear in agreements. It urged closing all CIs and suggested prudential measures for universities that refused to do so. A 2019 report from Chinas National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) even attempts to differentiate Chinese smart cities from foreign ones; the latter focus on the management of things, while the Chinese version focuses on people. What the report failed to mention is that the controversial Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei provided the technology for both cities, or that Huawei is one of the worlds leading sellers of Safe City equipment, which the company describes as cutting-edge security to improve policing and oversight. Chinas investments in smart cities have yielded a major windfall. Thanks to these efforts, Chinese universities are climbing global rankings, with Peking University and Tsinghua University among U.S. News and World Reports top 100 global universities in 2021. West didnt respond to multiple requests for comment. The management scholar Nir Kshetri attributes this success to a handful of factors, including a high degree of technological savvy among Chinese consumers, a fintech-friendly regulatory environment, and Chinas improving science and technology prowess. Technology is perhaps the most intense realm of competition between the United States and China today, and artificial intelligence (AI) is central to that contest. Ensuring a good environment for development is in the interest of both super-powers because a world of poverty and slow growth is likely to be full of conflict. In the strategic competition with China, U.S. alliances and partnerships in Europe and the Indo-Pacific play an important role in enhancing American power. CLEC will continue to help provide Mandarin teachers and requested teaching materials. But Wests most eyebrow-raising speaking event came in November 2017, when he presented the findings of his October report at a Huawei conference in the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur. A few examples: Brookings . Now, Chinese smart cities make use of an integrated system of physical, information, social, and commercial infrastructure to allow a given city to monitor its citizens and report back through a vast connected network. Although Japanese and South Korean firms also sit within the top ten holders of smart city patents, State Grid Corporations 7,156 patents in November 2020 was more than double second-ranked Samsungs mere 3,148 patents. These include: What approach can the U.S. pursue across strategic domains to integrate economic, military, and diplomatic measures to avoid conflict with China? What is the proper balance between working to create external incentives and disincentives that move China in Americas preferred directions, and dealing directly with China to influence how they define and pursue their interests? Brookings is now launching Phase 2 of the Global China Project which builds upon the research and analysis of the first phase, and shifts toward prescription, focusing on advancing recommendations on how the United States should respond to Chinas actions that implicate key American interests and values. Brookings Institution Puts President on Leave Amid Lobbying Inquiry. The Chinese Communist Partys (CCP) United Front organization oversees propaganda and education and is tasked to promote cultural exchanges, friendship between the Chinese and other peoples and a good international environment for achieving Chinas policy objectives. By focusing on where all groups are thriving, we can see where cooperation and democratic decisionmaking are most likely to be a reality and work toward high levels of well-being for everyone . Online. What are the implications of Chinese activity across various strategic domains security, infrastructure, economic statecraft, and more for the United States? These entities include Huawei, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the State Grid Corporation, which holds the number one spot. Documents obtained by prosecutors indicate that John R. Allen, a retired general and the head of the prestigious think tank . In the financial realm, the United States and China are the key players who create a low-inflation environment for the global economy. Furthermore, in August 2021, the U.S. Senate passed major bi-partisan legislation for American competitiveness against rising China, which included $10 billion in funding to establish regional. What is the range of Americas policy options given its own interests in the region in terms of both economic and security strategy and where can it improve on current policy choices? For China, Taiwan is a matter of national unity and righting historical wrongs. Over the past two decades, China has engaged in a fast-paced, sustained program of military expansion and modernization. Tomorrows tech policy conversations today. Even critics concede the CI program has provided valuable learning experiences otherwise unavailable due to budget constraints and the lack of Mandarin teachers at universities and public schools across the nation. The Indo-Pacific is the worlds most dynamic economic region and is home to several mature democracies with advanced technological capabilities which are long-time allies or close partners of the United States. How do President Xi Jinpings personal ambitions and the centralization of power in the Chinese Communist Party affect Chinas approach to foreign policy? That move not only deepens tensions between the United States and China, but also highlights why U.S. government officials view Huawei as a problematic company. Early attempts to impose political requirements for CIs to support the One China Principle or refrain from discussing Tibet, for example, were rejected. What more can the United States do to limit vulnerabilities? Chinas MOE reorganized the CI project in June 2020, implementing a CCP-approved reform plan to develop CIs as a significant force for cultural and educational exchange with other countries. How serious is the risk of war over Taiwan? With respect to a frequently voiced concern that CI agreements often stipulate applicability of both U.S. and Chinese law, it reproduced a common provision also contained in the Hanban template CI agreement that Chinese personnel working at CIs must comply with U.S. law, while Chinese law would apply to Americans involved in China-based CI activities. Hanban additionally provided language teaching materials, if requested, and paid the salaries and international travel costs for the Mandarin language teachers from the Chinese partner university, as well as grants for research, study tours to China and other matters in some cases. The global CI program was initially launched under Chinas Ministry of Education (MOE) in 2004, and more recently has been advanced as part of the PRCs national strategy of Chinese culture going global. It consists of campus-based language and culture partnerships formerly funded in part and supported by the MOE. According to a 2018 article from the Ministry of Education, China relies on imports for 35 key technologies that it is unable to produce domestically in sufficient quality or quantity. This working group will look at the following issues: The working group will produce a set of specific recommendations, some for China and the U.S. to pursue unilaterally and others for them to pursue collaboratively. In addition, K-12 schools continue to host about 500 Confucius Classrooms. Local news, weather, sports, events, restaurants and more, Huaweis surprising ties to the Brookings Institution, Sign up for a weekly roundup of thought-provoking ideas and debates, Commanders draft class fills several needs, features plenty of value, From World Series hero to MLBs worst, Patrick Corbin keeps taking the ball, Commanders draft Illinois DB Quan Martin, Arkansas C Ricky Stromberg. To drive the development of new policy thinking for Americas approach to China, this working group will examine several central questions as well as other issues that are derivative of them. Implementation of the U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s, issued at the Glasgow Conference of the Parties in November 2021, focuses on the degree to which the United States and China will cooperate on climate issues. This number includes at least seven CIs that are scheduled to close in 2021. In 2014, West spoke at Huawei Innovation Day in Milan. Universities should, of course, continue to be vigilant against the potential for unwelcome influence including implicit pressure on faculty to self-censor, as well as to ensure compliance with the Department of Educations foreign gift and other reporting requirements, and visa rules for CI exchange visitors. An estimated 51 CIs, 44 of them campus-based, continue to operate, down from a peak of 110 throughout the country. Yet the U.S. is facing a critical shortage of Mandarin-speaking China experts. What role has the U.S. relationship with the region in turn played in affecting Chinas influence and strategy? Isaac Stone Fish: Yes, the U.S. is in bad shape. The concentration of focus will be on global bodies and frameworks with either a treaty foundation or high prestige thus, the G-20; UN Security Council; IMF; WTO and those which play a key role in the regulation of globalization (e.g. What role can China play in restructuring debts and ensuring their sustainability? A State Department report on the China challenge calls for the U.S. to train a new generation of public servants and policy thinkers to attain fluency in Chinese and acquire extensive knowledge of Chinas culture and history. ), Between July 2016 and June 2018, Huawei gave at least $300,000 to Brookings, via FutureWei Technologies, Inc., a U.S.-based subsidiary of the company, according to Brookings' annual reports. But the Indo-Pacific is also bedeviled by security challenges: rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait, North Koreas intensified nuclear and missile programs, and the military coup in Myanmar. This piece originally appeared in Lawfare. What are Americas most fundamental interests in its relationship with China and what are desirable but secondary interests with China? How can global players urge China to make its funding more transparent and concessional, and channel more via multilateral routes such as the World Bank? The proliferation of WeChat throughout Chinese societyspanning generations and across the urban-rural divideis a monumental feat and demonstrates WeChats adaptability. I think the way that Huawei has been singled out by the U.S. government has been unfair and counterproductive, West said. Even before Xi, the Medium- to Long-Term Plan for Science and Technology Development (MLP), released in 2006, states that building an innovation-oriented country is a major strategic choice for Chinas future development. Can it achieve its ambitions? How have China and Russia developed their deep partnership, and what are the main areas in which the two countries cooperate? In October 2017, the Brookings Institution, one of Washington's most prestigious think tanks, published a report entitled "Benefits and Best Practices of Safe City Innovation." The report. Mr. Xie held the same position in the lead-up to the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the joint announcement of the U.S. and Chinas Paris Agreement pledges at the end of 2014 was a key event to generate momentum for the Paris process and signal that the two largest emitters were taking it seriously. Chinas investments in Europe, especially in technology, have concerned the United States in its role as the leading power in NATO, whose interoperability might be compromised by Chinas efforts in this area. Register now. What are the options for strategic arms control that could help cap Chinas expected nuclear buildup? Funding from the 863 Program supported the development of Chinas Tianhe-1A supercomputer, which overtook Oak Ridge National Laboratorys Jaguar as the worlds fastest computer in October 2010. This has captured the imagination and heightened the concern of strategists and policy-makers in Asia and the United States, and to a lesser extent Europe. Drug Trafficking & Counter-Narcotics Policy, Fentanyl: A triangle of sadness (US, Mexico, and China), Assessing Chinas Influence in South Asia. The Brookings Institution, one of the country's top left-leaning think tanks, has for the first time admitted to Congress that it receives millions of dollars every year from foreign. The transportation and industrial sectors are important to both countries and ideally the U.S. and China can work together on technology development and implementation to electrify and decarbonize these two difficult sectors. Nonetheless, school officials joined others interviewed in the GAO and Senate studies in suggesting CI management improvements, such as clarifying U.S. universities authority and making agreements publicly available. A congressionally-commissioned study by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) published in February 2019 essentially supported that view. With U.S.-China bilateral technology investment seeing a steep 96 percent decline since 2016, Beijing has been forced to look for new ways to source key technologies, turning to shell companies and intermediary agents to source foreign components, reagents, and other relevant equipment. The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command believes it plausible that China could attempt a forced reunification with Taiwan by the latter years of the 2020s; whatever Beijings actual plans, Taiwan politics interject an additional element into the strategic equation, beyond the ability of either Washington or Beijing to control. Each year they provide a transparent annual report regarding finances and funding. employees 565 2021 World Bank, ITU, WHO, WIPO). What are the implications of Chinas economic expansion and what can the U.S. and others do to set and promote global norms and standards? If U.S. policymakers operate under the supposition that China will merely continue to copy American technologies, strategies, and processes, they will fundamentally misunderstand Chinas strategic intentions. To be sure, Beijings reliance on imported technologies goes well beyond foreign-designed semiconductors. But China is not just a growing military power; its also increasingly intent on wielding a combination of diplomatic and economic tools to challenge or reshape the terms and conditions of global order and global governance. The federal government and Congress should work to protect our national security in a manner that does not impinge on the academic freedom or institutional autonomy they also seek to protect. Yet Wests relationship with Huawei raises questions about the independence of his scholarship and represents a worrying example of Chinas influence on one of Americas leading think tanks. The alleged details of that journey, which leaked out via a federal search warrant application that was inadvertently made public last week, have cost Allen his $1-million-a-year job, upended. Yet, interest among U.S. students has been declining since peaking around 2011, as American views of China more generally have plunged to the lowest level since polling began. The author thanks James Haynes, former Research Assistant, and intern Jingye Huang - Foreign Policy, John L. Thornton China Center, The Brookings Institution, and Mia Shuang Li and research assistant Claire Ren Yixin of the Yale Law School Paul Tsai China Center, for valuable research assistance and insights. As the United States charts its path to retain its essential role as a preeminent Pacific power, it must first get its priorities right. Yet, there are investments, trade relationships, and markets that countries on the receiving end of Chinas infrastructure investments seek from the United States that are qualitatively different from what China offers. In other words, what must the United States achieve and avoid with China? Qi Ye was appointed director. It remains too soon to determine whether these interdependencies will mitigate or intensify rivalry. How can the United States deepen its bench of AI talent, from top-tier researchers that push forward the state-of-the-art in both AI algorithms and hardware to engineers and developers that can deploy AI at scale? As tensions between the U.S. and China grew, federal policymakers frequently conflated CI-related academic freedom concerns with a broader set of issues including: Chinese efforts to steal technology, intellectual property and research data; disruptive activities by some campus-based Chinese student associations and Chinas consulates; Chinese talent recruitment plans; and other suspect influence efforts. The company is effectively an arm of the Chinese government, Arkansas Senator Tom Cotton said in February, and its more than capable of stealing information from U.S. officials by hacking its devices. (Huawei has long denied those allegations. (Brookings policies permit our scholars to receive travel reimbursement and honorariums for activities such as speeches and conference attendance, so long as they comply with our policies on conflict of interest and research independence, said Horne.

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